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Abacavir

Abacavir is a drug to treat HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus), which if not treated can leads to AIDS(Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV is a retrovirus, and to deal with this infection, the treatment required is known as ART(Anti Retroviral Treatment). ART should be started as soon as possible after determining the infection is due to retrovirus, otherwise this infection will change in to AIDS very quickly, which would be proved very threatening to life, and to come out of that condition would never be possible and this infection will end with the life.

ABACAVIR SULPHATE: It is a carbocyclic synthetic nucleoside analogue. Intracellularly, it is converted by cellular enzymes to the active metabolite, carbovir triphosphate. Carbovir triphospahte inhibitis the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA. The lack of a 3-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5 to 3 phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.

Indications: In combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infections.

Dosage: Adults : 300mg twice daily in combination with other antiretrovirals.

Adolescent and paedlatric patients: Dosage for patients between 3 months to 16 years is 8mg/kg twice daily (upto a maximum of 300mg twice daily).

Contraindications: It has been associated with fatal hypersensitivity reactions. Hence should not be restarted after any hypersensitivity reaction occurs with abacavir.

Special Precautions: Should always be used in combination with other antiretroviral agents.

Side effects: Hypersensitivity reactions (fever, skin, rash, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or abdominal pain pharyngitis, dyspnoea or cough).

Drug Interactions : Ethanol, no clinically significant effect with methadone.