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Amphotericin

Amphotericin is used as an antifungals in medical science. Amphotericin is a powerful antibiotic in the treatment of various fungal infections. It works against different types of moulds and yeasts. But it is toxic and penetrates tissues poorly. In the liposomal form, toxicity is low, but this is very expensive.

Fungal infections occurs when the white blood cells in blood is low. If the number of white blood cell is low in blood, the chance of fungal protection is higher. Oral form of this drug is also available but it is used only for local fungal infection. Amphotericin is also often used in tissue culture for preventing fungi from contaminating cell cultures.

Technical detail

AMPHOTERICIN B (AMB): It is active against a wide range of yeasts and fungil, Condida albicams. Histolasma Capsulatan, Cryptococcurs neoformants, Blactomyces dimatitidis, Coccidioides, inmitis, Torulopsis, rhodotorula,Aspergills,sporothrix. it is fungicidal at high and static at alow concentrations,

Indications: Topically for oral, vegnial and cuteneous candiasia and otomycosismycoses intravenously for treament of progrersive and potential fatal fungar infections, intestinal moniliasis.

Dosage: Orally-50-100 mg four time. For Systeimc mycoses. Intitially 1 mg test dose is injected over 20 mins i.v. by 0.3 mg/kg body wt is infused over 4-8hrs. Max of 0.7 mg/kg body wt

Contra-indications: Test dose is must before giving intravenously. Adverse reactions van decrease with inclusion of hydrocortisone 0.6 mg/kg body wt in the infusion.

Pediatrics: Reduced dose may be necessary.
Pregnancy: No evidence of risk.
Lactation: No evidence of risk.
Elderly: Safe

Side-effects: Chills, fever, aches, nausea, vomjected vein. Nephrotoxicity, (azotemia, reduced g.f.r. acidosis), Anaemia due to bone marrow deperssion. C.N.S toxivity.

Drug Interactions : Potentiation of apostassium loss by corticosteroids, increases digital toxicity, with ketoconazole, aminoglycosides enhace renaltoxicity, induce renal toxicity enhanced in presence of other nephrotoxic agents.