Abacus
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ACARBOSE: It is a peseudo-tetrasaccharide which inhibits alpha agucosidases. It has a direct effect of postprandial peaks without producing hyperinsulinemia. It delays carbohydrate digestiona and glucose absorptiontherby reducing postprandial peaks.
Indications: First-line therapy in NIDDM after diet has proved insufficient and as an adjunct to existing conventional oral therapy where glycaemic control id inadequate.
Dosage: Starting dose 50 mg three times a day and can be increased to 100mg three times a day.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug. diabetic ketoacidosis or cirrhosis., inflammatroy bowel disease, colonic ulceration, partial intestinal obstruction, chronic intestinal disease assciated with marked disorders of digestion or absorption and in those who have conditions that may deteriorate as a result of increased gas formation in the intestine.
Side-effects: Gastrointestinal tract symptoms, abdominal pain, diarrhea tended to return to pretreatment levels, antacids (aluminum, megesium salts) have not been shown to ameliorate acute gastrointestinal symptoms of acarbose.
Drug interactions: Sucrose and food containing sucrose cause abdominal discomfort or diarrhea. If prescribed in addition to drugs containing sulphonylureas or metformin in addition to insulin, it causes hypoglycemia. Intestinal absorbents and digestive enzyme preparation containing carbohydrate may reduces the effect of acarbose.
Special Precautions: On combination with sulphonylurea, acarbose may increase the hypoglycemia potential of the sulphonylurea.
Pediatrics: Contraindicated.
Pregnancy: Contraindicated.
Lactation: Contraindicated.