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INSULINS: Secretion of insulin from B cells of pancreas, which has overall effects to favor storage of fuel. Insulin also facilitates glucose transport across cell membrane & glyconge synthesis from glucose in liver, muscle and fat by stimulating the enzyme glycongen synthetase. It inhibits gluconeogenesis (fromprotein) in liver and lipolysis in adipose tissue and favors triglycerde synthesis.
In diabetes there is under utilization and over production of glucose leading to hyper glycaemia & glycosuria. During diabetes increased amounts of fat are broken down due to unchecked action of lipolytic hormones resulting in production of ketone bodies & ketonemia or ketonuria. Various insulin perparations containing bovine, procine or human insulin are availble which constitute the short acting, intermediate & long acting categories.
Indication: Actrapid is for insulin requiring diabetes mllitus. It is particularly sutable : When intense and rapid insulin action is required in intesified insulin treatment, based on multiple daily injection (basal-bolus therapy) or continuous insulin infusion in treating diabetic emergenices, such as diabetic coma/precoma for diabetics in need of i.v. insulin infusion(e.g. during surgery)