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LIDOCAINE (Lignocaine): Versatile ocal anesthic good booth for surface application as well as injection around a nerve it blocks onduction within 3mins, anasethesia is more intense and longer lasting.

Indications: Surface application infilitration nerve block epodual spinal and intravenous regionla block epidrual spinal and intravenous reginonal block anaesthesia. Topcial useful for pain & itching due to minor burns, insect bites haemorrhoids fissures. Endotracheal intubation Otologcal rectal & vaginal examination Urtheral operation catheterization cystoscopy painful cystitis

Contra Indications: Hypersensitivity to local an aesthetic of the amide type, A.V block conduticon distrubances, cardiac decompensation

Special Precautions Adequate resuscitaion equipment must be available whenever local anaesthesia is administer Hepatic & renal insufficiency. Bredaycardia.

Pediatrics: Should not be used
Pregnancy: Safe
Lactation: Use with caution
Elderly: Safe

Side effects: The reactions are primarily of two types and typified by stimulating and depression of the cerebral cortex and medulla respectively. Slow onse stimulation leading to : Nervousness, dizziness blurred vision nausea, tremors, convulsions and respiratory arrest. Rapid onset depression leading to: Respiratory arrest, Cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest. Symptoms may occur trapidly and without warning

Drug Interactions: Propranolo reduces clearance by approximately 40% cimetidine increases plasma concentration and toxicity. Bonzodiazepines and barbiturateds raise the convulsive threshold to lidocaine.