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Vitamins are essential micracostituents of diet, which do not give energy but are necessary for the normal metabolism of the body. Although some of the vitamins like Vitamin K, Pantothenic acid, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, Vit D etc are synthesized in the body but their rate of production is not sufficient for mainte¬nance of health. The importance of vitamins as drugs is primarily in the prevention and treatment of defi¬ciency diseases. The deficiency states can develop due to inadequate diet, impaired absorption, in effi¬cient utilisation, increased requirement or increased rate of excretion. Although rare, toxic effects of vit.A, D and B6 are well known.
Vitamins are broadly classified into two groups
- Water souluble vitamins : B complex, C. These are Meagrely stored in the body and the excess is ex¬creted with little chance of toxicity.
- Fat soluble vitamins : A, D, E, K. These are stored in the body for prolonged periods and liable to cause cumulative toxicity after regular ingestion of large amounts
VITAMIN B COMPLEX
THIAMINE (VIT B1 )
Vit. B1 was the first member of the B complex group. It is synthesized by plants and bacteria.
Physiological role : Thiamine gets converted to Thiamine Pyrophosphate in the body and acts as a co-enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. It also plays some role in neuro muscular transmission.
Daily requirement - About 0.3 mg/1000 Cal
In used Severe Vit B1 deficiency results in development of Beri Beri which can be of two forms- Dry and wet. Dry Beri Beri: Mainly neurological symptoms including peripheral neuritis, hyperaesthesia, muscular weak¬ness & atrophy, wrist drop, foot drop, paralysis, poor memory, depression, anorexia & constipation.
Wet Beri Beri: Mainly Cardiovascular symptoms in¬cluding palpitation, tachycardia, dyspnoea, ECG changes, oedema and high output cardiac failure.
INDICATIONS : Prophylaxis in infants, preg¬nant females, malabsorption, Beri Beri (Dry or Wet), chronic alcoholics, neurological and cardiovascular disorder, Multiple neuritis, toxic and confusional states, anorexia.
CONTRAINDICATIONS : Hypersensitivity
DOSAGE: Mild deficiency-10-25 mg daily,
Severe deficiency 200- 300 mg daily.